Federal Agency Security Practices (FASP) Essay

Network Perimeter Security Policy – Computer Security Resource †¦ csrc.nist.gov/†¦/network_security/ipdmms-perimeter-security.d†¦File Format: Microsoft Word – Quick View The Department Interim Network Perimeter Security Standard (INPSS) specifies the †¦ NIST Special Publication 800-18, Guide for Developing Security Plans for †¦ The firewall will be configured using Industry â€Å"best practices† including but not †¦ [PDF] NIST SP 800-97, Establishing Wireless Robust Security Networks: A †¦ csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-97/SP800-97.pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat by S Frankel – Cited by 25 – Related articles  entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the †¦.. WLAN Security Best Practices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8-1 †¦ Learn from NIST: Best practices in security program management searchsecurity.techtarget.com/†¦/Learn-from-NIST-Best-practi†¦ This tip gives best practices for implementing such mandates and others. †¦ challenges behind operational integration of security and network management. NIST Updates Computer Security Guides – Government – Security – www.informationweek.com/†¦/security/nist†¦security†¦/24000†¦Jul 30, 2012 – Guidelines focus on wireless security and protecting mobile devices †¦ how federal agencies and businesses can deal with network attacks and malware. †¦ revised to reflect the latest in security best practices: NIST’s Guide to †¦ The Best Guides for Information Security Management www.crypt.gen.nz/papers/infosec_guides.htmlA list of the best guides available online for Information Security Managment. †¦ NIST SP800-48 Wireless Network Security (802.11, Bluetooth, and Handheld †¦ Why do systems administrators need to use guides, practices, and checklists? US-CERT: Control Systems – Standards and References www.us-cert.gov/control_systems/csstandards.htmlCyber Security Policy Planning and Preparation; Establishing Network †¦ NIST SP 800-53 Rev 3, Recommended Security Controls for Federal †¦. Rakaczky, E. â€Å"Intrusion Insights Best Practices for Control System Security,† July 2005. Catalog of †¦ Cyber security standards – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber_security_standards1 History; 2 ISO 27002; 3 Standard of good practice; 4 NERC; 5 NIST; 6 ISO 15408 †¦ provide network security administration while still supporting best practice †¦ ICT Security Standards Roadmap – Part 5 www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/ict/part05.htmlJun 6, 2011 – The following work on best practices has so far been identified for inclusion in this section †¦ European Network and Information Security Agency †¦ 800-12 An Introduction to Computer Security: The NIST Handbook  · 800-100 †¦

Tennessee William’s Play a Street Car Named Desire

Tennessee William’s play, A Street Car Named Desire, creates conflict and tension between characters using several dramatic devices. It also makes clear use of the sound effects and music used during the production, the appearance of the characters as well as the language used. Blanche DuBois, the centralized character in the play is a woman in her early thirties, although she would have you believe otherwise. William’s from the very start creates a veneer of Blanch and slowly throughout the story lets us know what is behind this attractive pretence.Blanch is first presented to the audience as a woman belonging to another class, superior to all her surroundings even such of her sister, Stella. â€Å"Explain to me this place. What are you doing in a place like this? † When Blanche is first introduced to Stella’s husband, Stanley Kowalski, she is quite attracted to him, she even flirts with this â€Å"common† man. Animalistic and exhibitionistic, Stan ley removes his hot, sweat-soaked, smelly and sticky T-shirt in front of her, and changes into a clean one to â€Å"make myself comfortable. He offers Blanche a drink but she declines stating that â€Å"ones my limit† and that she rarely touches it. This being blatant lies, Stanley quite rightly remarks â€Å"Well, there are some people that rarely touch it, but it touches them often. † Laying her cards on the table, Blanche later admits to Stanley that she only tells the truth when necessary, after all she wouldn’t want it affecting her playing her role. â€Å"I know I fib a good deal. After all, a woman's charm is fifty percent illusion, but when a thing is important I tell the truth†¦ †As the play progresses we find Blanch desperately trying to cling to everyone whilst maintaining her old ‘southern belle’, aristocratic, gracious and desirable frontier, not letting on that she is in fact penniless. â€Å"I'm not going to put up in a hotel. I've got to be near you Stella. I've got to be with people. I can't be alone†¦ † She plays this ‘role’ most likely only to keep up her self-esteem. Blanch is very self conscious pf her appearance, always wanting someone to reassure her with a compliment. Blanche: Would you think it possible that I was once considered attractive? Stanley: Your looks are ok.Blanche: I was fishing for a compliment, Stanley. The very language that she uses is over elaborate and self conscious, with such exaggerated formality. Such carefully structured language perhaps signifies her desire to remain in control. It more likely is used to cover up her anxiety, unease, even extreme agitation at time boarding hysteria. She is constantly washing herself and bathing, hydrotherapy she calls it, purifying and cleansing her. Blanches relationship with Mitch is untruthful from the beginning, with nothing but a paper lantern disguising the illusion from reality.She is trying to hold o nto what she has already lost; Belle Reve (Beautiful dream), her husband, her youth. The encounter with the boy collecting for the Evening Star newspaper amplifies the point of her longing to be young once again. Blanche even falls into the trap of playing the role of fantasies which she even ridicules. â€Å"I attempt to instil a bunch of bobby-soxers and drug store Romeos with reverence for Hawthorne and Whitman and Poe! † This perhaps has some link with Aunt Pennyman from Washington Square, meeting up with strangers in foreign places.Blanche has always said how she relies on the kindness of strangers. Although Tennessee Williams being a socially conscious playwright he still involved such themes that would challenge production code sensors of films at the time. The audiences of the time would have considered the play to be controversial to say the least, involving immoral and decadent acts, with it’s bold adult drama including rape, insanity, domestic violence, homo sexuality and sexual obsession. Williams was noted for bringing to his audiences a slice of his own life and the feel of southern culture.

Separation of Powers (Public Law )

The earliest government which is kingship as we all know of during Normandy times have inevitably becomes corrupt and passes into tyranny. The best men in the community then unseat the tyrant and institute an aristocracy. But their descendants are corrupted by the opportunity to gratify their desires and so become oligarchs. Thereupon the community overthrows the oligarchy and institutes a democracy. Next, the people are debauched by evil leaders, thus the end of the people brings in a monarch once more.It is recommended that the theory of the separation of powers grew out of the older theory of mixed monarchy as expressed by the Greek historian of Rome Polybius whose idea was simple. Instead of having an aristocracy, monarchy or democracy, a combination of any two of these forms of government would suffice to break away from this vicious cycle. However, the theory of the separation of powers as put forward by Montesquieu deals with the branches of government rather than the type of government. Lord Acton believed that ‘Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely'.Therefore, in order to eradicate the corruption of absolute power, Montesquieu identified three branches of government between which power should be allocated and separated: the executive which takes action to implement the law, defend the nation, conduct foreign affairs and administer internal policies; the legislative which makes law, and the judiciary which applies the law to determine disputes and punish criminals. According to the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive cannot make law.Neither can the legislative determine disputes or any of the three branches exercise the power of the other. Nor can any one person be a member of any two of the branches. This is in order to protect our emancipation as according to Montesquieu: ‘When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no libe rty†¦ there is no liberty if the powers of judging is not separated from the legislative and executive†¦ there would be an end to everything, if the same man or the same body†¦ ere to exercise those three powers. Indeed that might be true and rather desirable. To attain a pure separation of powers in theory is feasible though in practice however is almost impossible. The closest constitutional arrangements to the doctrine of separation of powers are found in the United States of America, is where the Congress is elected separately from the President, the President can veto legislation passed from Congress if one third of the house agrees with him and the Supreme Court can declare the acts non constitutional of both Congress and President.The constitution of the United States is arranged in such a way as to allow a complex system of checks and balances between the three branches of government while maintaining a clear separation of powers between them. However on the o ther side of the Atlantic however ,perhaps due to the history of the evolution of the British constitution and the absence of a codified constitutional text – the emphasis are more on checks and balances rather than a pure separation of powers.Yet, according to Hilaire Barnett, the doctrine of the separation of powers ‘runs like a thread throughout the constitution of the United Kingdom. It might be true that the doctrine of the separation of powers is deeply deep-rooted in our constitutional thought and tradition, but our constitutional arrangements and the implementation of these three powers in practice is far from separate. Sir Ivor Jennings interprets the doctrine of the separation of powers as suggesting that neither branch should execute the powers of the other, not that the three branches should not have any influence over each other.Sir William Blackstone seems to agree to some extend in suggesting that a complete separation of powers may lead to the dominance of the executive by the legislature. In my view it is believed it overlaps between the three branches may be illustrated by the position of Lord Chancellor who is a member of the cabinet while being the head of the judiciary and also chairs the House of Lords when they sit as legislature. The role of the Lord Chancellor is now being reformed by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 to conform to the theory of the separation of powers.However, some see his role as a voice on behalf of the judiciary and pivotal in order to preserve the independence of the judicial branch. It is also argued that Lord Chancellor serves as a communicative bridge between the judiciary and the executive, especially when in times of pressure between the two branches. Another part being reformed by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 is the relocation of the House of Lords.Some have been in doubt however that these reforms are merely formal by creating a Supreme Court only so that the House of Lords may be physi cally separate from the legislative body, thus one should also take into account that it is not easy to change a well establish body overnight as it takes time. For instance the Human Rights Act itself took two years to wholly come in to effect after the royal assent or the popular quote the Rome was not built in a day could be applied here.The matters on regards to the change of the House of Lords to Supreme Court are far from being the only overlaps between the three branches of government. The executive and legislature are seen as a ‘close union, nearly a complete fusion of the executive and legislative and this influence of which Baghot views as the efficient secret of the English constitution. Meanwhile, Lord Halisham suggests that the current electoral process which generally returns a government with a large majority of seats in parliament, contributes to an electoral dictatorship.It might be argued that this close union is exactly what Montesquieu warned us against as he states: ‘When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner. ‘ The independence of the judiciary however seems to be deeply rooted in our constitution. It is not easy to dismiss a judge and by convention the executive does not criticise the judiciary.Some have argued that the constitutional reform jeopardises this independence due to the introduction of appointing commissions which leaves room for political selection rather than selecting judges on merit. Nonetheless, the judicial branch seems to be not only autonomous, it seems to also perform the functions of the other branches as although the judiciary is only supposed to apply the law, ‘every new meaning conferred on a word, every application of a rule to a new situation, whether by way of statu tory interpretation or under common law, ‘creates' new law.This very function of the judiciary is clearly illustrated by the case of Magor and St. Mellons Rural District Council v Newport Corporation (1965) where Lord Denning's answer to the accusation of Lord Simond of ‘naked usurpation of the legislative function' was: ‘The court, having discovered the intention of Parliament and Ministers too, must proceed to fill in the gaps. What the legislature has not written, the court must write. Barnett sees this as a ‘constitutional partnership' between the legislative and judiciary as when judges make law, Parliament may ‘tactically' approve by not interfering with it. When Parliament disagrees however, as it did when the House of Lords awarded compensation for the properties lost in Burmatic Oil v Lord Advocate (1965), Parliament overrules the decision – in this case by enacting the War Damage Act 1965. The relationship between the judiciary and the executive seems more controversial in the light of the doctrine of separation of powers.This relationship may be shown by the inability of the judiciary to punish a Minister of the Crown as demonstrated in M v Home Office [1994], In which an asylum seeker who was refused asylum applied for a judicial review which he failed. Later, he was advised by his lawyer to make another request for a judicial review on different and stronger grounds while his deportation was in half an hour. The only judge present on that afternoon was Garland J. who heard M's emergency application and asked for M to not be deported until the application could be fully heard; nonetheless M's flight took off.M's lawyers initiated contempt proceedings against the Home Secretary for ignoring the will of the court. This case therefore dealt mainly with whether the courts have any jurisdiction to find a minister of the crown in contempt of the court, which is a criminal offence. Simon Brown J, the judge who heard th e case, stated: ‘reluctant though any court must be to proclaim the crown beyond the reach of its ultimate coercive jurisdiction, it is, I believe, difficult to regard this as a black day for the rule of law or for the liberty of the subject.The court is not abrogating an historic responsibility for the control of executive government. Rather, it is recognising that when it comes to the enforcement of its decisions the relationship between the executive and the judiciary must, in the end, be one of trust. The word Trust! Whatever happened to ‘power tends to corrupt'. However, the ruling was overruled by the House of Lords which concluded, after thirty pages, that while the court has no jurisdiction to find the crown itself in contempt of the court, they have the power to do so for a servant of the crown.However, in the case of a minister of the crown, a mere finding should suffice as the court has no jurisdiction otherwise. Lord Wolf, who drafted the verdict, states that ‘the crown's relationship with the courts does not depend on coercion' hence confirming Simon Brown J's statement that the relationship between the crown and the court is of mere trust. When evaluating the British constitution it would be unwise to ignore the history by which it came to be. It should firstly be noted hat these constitutional arrangements were established one hundred years before Montesquieu wrote The Spirit of Laws, in a time of tension between Parliament and the Crown. Although Montesquieu was absent, there was no lack of eminent thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. According to WB Gwyn ‘no-one has been able to find an explicit statement of the separation of powers before it was discussed in the writings of seventeenth century Englishmen. Apart from that the Judicial Review plays a huge task in keeping the checks and balance of the executive by the judiciary.However, the seventeenth century doctrine of the separation of powers was more concer ned with accountability rather than preserving liberty. Parliament in those early days was keen to hold ministers of the crown under scrutiny, which is perhaps where the idea of ministerial responsibility comes from. It would therefore be safe to suggest that the separation of powers in the British constitution do not derive from the mixed monarchy theory as that is more concerned with the preservation and stability of the ruler rather than the quality of the government.Nor are these constitutional arrangements based on Montesquieu's doctrine of separation of powers, although he popularised the term. Thus the paradigm of the separation of powers in Britain are based on the ‘seventeen century style' separation of powers, which tries to hold a balance between the crown and parliament and allows for power to be used to check on the other powers rather than a formal and complete separation of the three branches in my view which is currently in place.Bibliography * Francis D Wormut h, The Origins of Modern Constitutionalism (New York Harpers, 1949) * MJC Ville , Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers (Indianapolis 1998 2nd Edition) * Montesquieu, The Sprit of Laws , Translated and edited by Anne Cohler, Basia Miller, Harold Stone. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989) * Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 6th Ed( Routledge- Cavendish) * Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769) Cambridge Law Journal Volume * Bagehot, The English Constitution * http://www. goodreads. com/story/show/31602-separation-of-powers * http://www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/47362. html * http://www. law-essays-uk. com/resources/revision-area/administrative-law/cases/separation-powers-doctrine. php ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Francis D Wormuth, The Origins of Modern Constitutionalism (New York Harpers, 1949) 22 [ 2 ].MJC Ville , Constitutionalism an d the Separation of Powers (Indianapolis 1998 2nd Edition) 36 [ 3 ]. Montesquieu, The Sprit of Laws , Translated and edited by Anne Cohler, Basia Miller, Harold Stone. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989) [ 4 ]. The Constitution of United States of America, Article II,III [ 5 ]. Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 6th Ed( Routledge- Cavendish) 105 [ 6 ]. Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769), Volume 1 [ 7 ]. 17-330, Cambridge Law Journal Volume 63, No. 2 [ 8 ]. Bagehot, The English Constitution ,1867 ,67 [ 9 ]. Bagehot, The English Constitution ,1867,68 [ 10 ]. Albert Venn Dicey, John Humprey Carlile Moris, Dicey and Moris on the Conflicts of Laws, 129 [ 11 ]. Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law [ 12 ]. Ibid [ 13 ]. Gwyn, W. B,The Meaning of the Separation of Powers ,The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, (1965),9 [ 14 ]. Sarah Barber , Regicide and Republicanism, Edinburgh University Press, 13-14

Philosophy inquiry- A mini-version of a possible chapter 3 of a Assignment

Philosophy inquiry- A mini-version of a possible chapter 3 of a dissertation proposal - Assignment Example Aristotle refuses to imitate a theory that has been formulated without empirical estimation of regular and in-depth observation of the universal facts and realities (Thomas & Thomas, 1960). Turner opin...... The same is applied to social exchange theory, cognitive development perspective, deviance theories and others. The studies demonstrate various models and paradigms observed and followed by the researchers while developing an outline for conducting a qualitative research. Guba (1990) argues that a paradigm serves as an interpretative framework, which is guided by the set of beliefs and feelings about the world and how it should be understood and studied. In other words, a research paradigm determines and decides the epistemology, ontology and methodology to be applied on the basis of the topic selected for conducting the research work. Epistemology stands for describing the source of knowledge, which includes what is known, and what is going to be explored. The term epistemology has been derived from the Greek notion episteme, which stands for the philosophy of knowledge (Gall, Borg, & Gall, 1996). In simple words, epistemology aims to explore the source and origin of some specific k nowledge or information. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge and the process by which knowledge is acquired and validated Epistemology poses the questions including: What is the relationship between the knower and what is known? How do we know what we know? What counts as knowledge? (Krauss, 2005:759). On the other hand, ontology is determined to unveil the realities of the concepts involved in the study. It also discovers the reality about the topic as well as the units of analysis selected for the research. For instance, while discovering the relationship between domestic violence and children’s alienation towards

Climate change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Climate change - Essay Example This paper focuses specifically on the Gulf region in the United States, an area in which environment and living creatures have grown inter-dependent on adequate precipitation to effectively sustain lifestyle and longevity. The problem in this region, specifically, is the current water level in the Mississippi River which is significantly reduced due to climate change. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2002) identifies that the Mississippi River region provides shelter and breeding grounds for migrating birds in the winter. Many different species of birds move away from colder regions to reproduce before returning to these regions to assist in pollination of plants and insect management in the food chain. The adequate waters near the Mississippi River in this region, historically, have provided quality shelter and water sources, thus providing other areas of the country with beneficial species regeneration. Today, however, climate change has shifted the volume of precipitation norm ally distributed within this region, inundating the Northern regions of the U.S. with these much-needed rains. Climatescience.gov (2007) further offers that when trees are exposed to higher carbon dioxide, rather than the highly oxygenated precipitation usually found in the Gulf region, trees alter their wood producing output. Instead of thickening trunks, the trees tend to establish more ground-level roots and smaller twig-like branches. Less oxygen replenishment through precipitation alters the scope of the environment, impacting the availability of building materials and thus impacting human lifestyles and economy. Nonliving dependencies associated with this problem include the infrastructures in this area created for predictable precipitation patterns. Walton (2012) indicates that a group of scientists and the Army Corps of Engineers will be rebuilding levees that were previously destroyed by humans to accommodate for rising water levels in a particular area just a year previous ly. This represents significant costs to destroy and rebuild infrastructure as well as causing problems with the homes and businesses that cannot predict their fluctuating dependency on barrier placement depending on water levels. The lack of predictability in climate change continues to disrupt levee longevity which considerable risks to the community due to depleting precipitation volumes. The human effects in this situation are largely negative, as most scientists and engineers are running on previous assumptions about precipitation predictability and infrastructure development without considering long-term sustainability. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is ever-diligent to attempt to sustain this environment for species migration and breeding, however using age-old sustainability plans that are no longer relevant in the face of dramatic shifts in precipitation distribution. An effective sustainability plan would include dredging of the Mississippi River so as to maintain more control over depth and to tap the underlying water table in this region to feed during periods of drought. Pumping stations designed to draw water from under the soil would be a long-term strategy to combat climate change. At the same time, it would ensure water is

Criminal justice process Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal justice process - Case Study Example accused witnesses, victims and police officers. The usual procedure has to be followed once the police commence criminal investigation. On the face of it seems that the Police in their eagerness to solve a crime and to charge George had flouted many accepted norms and procedures that ought to be followed while conducting a criminal investigation and taking in to custody a suspect for the alleged crime. Everyone is innocent till proved guilty. My advice to George about the proper procedure that should have been followed at the Police Station will be that in investigating a accused the police if thinks that he may be guilty takes him to the police station for questioning, if the police is reasonably convinced that the accused is involved then they can charge him and make a formal arrest. If the accused is minor then in that case the questioning by the police can be conducted in the presence of the guardian of the accused or any social worker. The accused at the Police Station is well w ithin his rights to ask for a solicitor. The Police can also procure a search warrant to search the premises of the accused and can interview the family, friends etc of the accused. The Police can question the accused up to 72 hours after that either the police can set the accused free or ask the magistrate for 24 hours more for the questioning of the accused. After that if the Police are convinced that there is enough evidence connecting the accused with the crime then in that case it will formally charge the accused. The accused has to be presented in a magistrate's court by the Police the next day and it is the magistrate's discretion to send the accused either in judicial custody or to release him on bail. To sum it up at the Police Station an accused has the right to be treated in a human manner and with respect, he has the right to see the written codes governing the legal rights of the accused, he has a right to speak to the custody officer, he has to be told about the reason of his arrest, a personal phone call by the accused may not be allowed but someone connected to the accused has to be notified by the Police, the accused has the right to consult with a solicitor in private. CPS CODE TESTS TO BE APPLIED IN THIS CASE : 1. Crown Prosecutors decide if a person should be and can be charged with a criminal offence, and then they decide on the nature of offence. The decisions in this regard are made by Crown Prosecutors as per the code and by also taking the Director's help on Charging. Police generally determine the charge, for minor and routine cases but they also have to apply the same provisions. 2. Charging in this case should be made according to the Full Code Test. If the evidence required for Full Code Test is not available then the Threshold test should be applied but the case should be reviewed according to the Full Code Test soon. If the Threshold Test applies in this case then it is fine otherwise the Crown Prosecution Service will only start or continue with a prosecution when the case has passed both stages of the Full Code Test. 3. The Crown Prosecutors should see whether there is enough evidence against the accused to charge him. It should be seen that whether the evidence can be used in court and is reliable. It should be further seen that if the evidence is sufficient to get a conviction against the accuse

Little Red Riding Hood Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Little Red Riding Hood - Assignment Example In the modern version, the girl finds herself in the woodland after sneaking from her grandmother’s cottage to taste strange fruits and wild berries. The girl in the traditional version of the story appears to experience anxiety after meeting the wolf, but sojourns on to reveal her identity and whereabouts of her grandmother, an action that later costs her dearly while in the modern version, the girl spots the wolf, instantaneously falls in love with him and runs to catch it just to spend jiffies together. Whereas in the traditional version it is the girl who admires the beauty of the imposed grandmother, in the other version it is the wolf that admires the physique of the girl. Unlike in the traditional version, the modern tale allows the grandmother and the girl to live after meeting the wolf; the girl enjoys life with the wolf, giving birth to Leroi, the first Loup. Noteworthy, a clear analysis and interpretation of the two stories indicate that the stories are the same. The main character remains the same. The aforementioned differences arise due to changes in time, culture and geographical location of the writers. The events have been slightly altered to suit or portray the differences in cultures, landscape, and time and the need to make it easy and relaxing for the audience to relate it to their real experiences. The second version seems to have been developed from the first version. Apparently, I used context, flow of events, and themes to establish the level of difference and sameness in the two versions of the story. The context of the story remains same; an untarnished consideration of the stories designate that the forest and village are an imperative setting. I further considered how the story unveils, for instance, how the girl meets the wolf and how the end is designed. Additionally, I considered the themes of disclosure of identity and the girl’s growth to adulthood. Therefore, using

Operating systems and networking Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operating systems and networking - Coursework Example They develop puzzles, racing games, quizzes, social games, action games, and sports games; with some of them designed to support remote multiplayer functionality. Some games are free to play, while others are only accessible after paying a small fee. The games also incorporate other features and services such as advertisements, promotions, and competitions to woo more and more clients. The marketing department is based in London. Here, they conduct market research and monitor customer responses and other behaviour in response to the company products. There are for data centres for online games strategically distributed across the country: in Sunderland, Norwich, Birmingham, and Southampton. The company faces strong competition from other established games companies across the United Kingdom including, Attention to detail, Bullfrog, glass ghost, DMA Designs and many others. Requirements Analysis Classic Studios Limited requires a network that will ensure continuous and reliable qualit y of service that will support real-time data transmission of the games and interactive applications. This calls for a network with high speed, high bandwidth, and a strong security policy. The following components will be required to achieve this network: a) Hardware requirements This will include the networking devices and the terminals for the company personnel. They include: Computers – they will form the majority of the nodes. They will provide terminals to carry out business functions and to configure networking equipment Workstations – they are more powerful than ordinary computers. They will be used mainly by the development team and also at the data centres Servers – they will store data and other resources and will make them available and accessible to the right people whenever they are required Printers – for printing technical documents and business reports VoIP phones – company workers will use them to make calls to each other over the internet Routers – they will connect the company’s network to the internet and the outside world Switches – they will be used inside the local area networks to provide redundant and secure paths for data packets within the network b) Software requirements Network software (e.g. Cisco IOS) – for programing the network equipment Operating system – will run on the computers, servers, and workstations c) Connections requirements Copper cables (UTP) – for linking up all the equipment in the local area networks Fibre optic cables – will be used to connect the different local area networks together Network Architecture and Design The headquarters, marketing offices, and data centres will each form a local area network. Transmission of data will use the TCP/IP standards.Logically the network will support multiple accesses within each of the LANs and point to point links between the LANs gateways. Multiple access means the several nodes with communicate with using the same shared media. A media access control such as CSMA/CA will have to be used to prevent collisions and overheads. Physically, the network will make economic utilisation of IPv4 addresses through the use of classless subnetting techniques (Metcalfe & Boggs, 2000). Below is the design diagram of the proposed network. Network Components Network connections Copper UTP cables will be used within the headquarters, m

In this age of globalisation, while it is absolutely necessary for Essay

In this age of globalisation, while it is absolutely necessary for large listed companies in different countries to prepare fina - Essay Example It focuses on effective use of the resources in a dynamic and competitive environment. Therefore, management accounting is concerned with resource management for facilitating decision making in an organization in tune with the changes continuously taking place due to various factors which may be internal or external to the business. International Financial Reporting Standards have not been developed with a view to report management decision making or management control. However, changes in the technology sphere, especially information technology enabled development of Management Accounting Software involving complex analysis of the business situations for the purpose of making strategic management decisions. Globalization and liberalization of the economies calls for uniformity and standardization in various fields for easy dissemination of information. Therefore, the need for uniformity in management policies, procedures and methods of applications of management techniques will even tually lead to incorporation of management accounting in IFRS over a period of time. Evolution of standards The developments taking place in the businesses are accepted slowly and shaped up by the conventions followed in the society or country in the early stages. These principles undergo various judicial tests in the evolutionary process before passing through the legislature. Therefore translation of the management accounting concepts into International Financial Reporting Standards will take time, since management accounting is relatively new compared to financial accounting which has been followed by the business for many centuries. There are differences in its adoption even in the developed countries. For instance, â€Å"there are many major differences between IFRSs and the standards issued by FASB (USA), although efforts are underway to remove them to ensure convergence† (Banerjee, 2010, p. 685). For example, the practical considerations such as adoption of current val ue for the purpose of valuation of say, land or properties will be relevant in decision making process, whereas under GAAP it is required to be stated at historical cost in the financial reports. The transitional process from GAAP to IFRS in US is expected to begin in 2014. The adoption of Management accounting in developing countries is still restricted only to the larger companies. Therefore, accounting bodies of these countries are not in a hurry to push forward the cause of management accounting at this stage. The adoption of management accounting practices by an organization is a prerequisite for management accounting reports, and it will happen only when the benefits are appreciated at the company level and the cost of operating a suitable system in respect of collection and analysis of data is reasonable and consistent with the benefits derived. Impact of IAS and IFRS on Management Accounting Prochazka and Ilinitchi (n.d.) state â€Å"The implementation of IFRS into Czech le gislation has brought new quality to financial reporting. Due to their usefulness, IFRS infiltrate into management accounting systems. In fact, in many companies IFRS carry out (satisfy, meet) the function of internal management accounting (with some modification allowing better internal performance evaluation).† However, it is restricted to certain disclosures where information available from the financial accounts is not adequate. The level of integration of financial and management accoun

C200 Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

C200 Exam - Assignment Example 2. Urging the TFG leadership to reach out to traditional and moderate Islamists, including individuals formerly affiliated with the now-defunct Council of Islamic Courts, and moderate groups not previously incorporated into the Council of Islamic Courts. 4. Continued leverage of U.S. assistance programs to support new and expanded programming in the areas of security sector reform, employment and income generation of high-risk youth, and activities providing quick-impact peace dividends in strategic geographic areas. 2. Absence of functioning institutions in Somalia for over 15 years, the rebuilding of law enforcement, judicial, health, education, and other services which will largely be starting from scratch and will require significant external assistance. 1. Early fulfilment of the deployment mission which is a key element in instilling in the Somali people confidence that the peace process is underway and fully supported by the international community. 2. Offering support to the deployment of the African peacekeeping mission, and in particular the Ugandan contingent which requires support with strategic transport, equipment procurement, and other logistics. 3. Assisting with force generation by training and equipping African contingents deploying to Somalia through the African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance (ACOT A) program by The United States government. 4. Encouraging the TFG to facilitate the development of a civilian police force a along with the formation of a unified military representative of all of Somalia’s clans. The TFG efforts will further be supported by the deployment of a stabilization force to Somalia, which will provide a secure environment in which a political process can be moved forward and effective security institutions be developed. 1. Promoting the commitment of the Somali Diaspora to support financially the development of

Data Envelopment Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Data Envelopment Analysis - Essay Example Their job involves selecting the efficient player for the match out of the whole team. Coaches tend to have problems in choosing the first eleven players to field for crucial football matches. Most football teams have more than twenty players yet; only fourteen players—eleven active players and three substitutes take up the slots. To beat this dilemma, the coaching staffs have come up with various strategies that help them to determine the finest players for the crucial matches facing the teams. For a player, good performance in the preference list for the coaching staff means that he is able to deliver for the team. The overall performance for any team relies solely on the effort of each player because a win for any football team, is an ultimate goal for any football team in the world. The Castrol EDGE index is the latest common technology that analyses and ranks each player’s performance in a football match. The ranking system is a creation of Castrol, which initially was to rank the players at the Men’s club association football under the sponsorship of FIFA. The system considers the duration for the players actions and the power of the opposition team. Currently, the Castrol EDGE index is used to rank the performance of all the footballer players participating in the top five Europe’s leagues in the football season, 12-month period. To build the Castrol Index Ranking, the first step involves finding the â€Å"Castrol Index Score† for every player in each tournament, league, or Championship league match. The second step is to weigh the Castrol Index Score to get the â€Å"Castrol Ranking Points†. The final step, the cumulative points, earned in each match played in the tournament or 90 the divided by the total number of minutes the player played multiply league. The Castrol Index Ranking = {(90 x the Total Castrol Ranking Points) / Total minutes played} During the UEFA EURO 2012, for each player, the Castrol EDGE Ind ex considered every save; pass, tackle, and shot to determine the effect of such actions on the respective team’s probability to either score or concede a goal. The number of points that a player receives depends on the zone of the action within the pitch. So are the number of points awarded for blocked shots, intercessions, and tackles. As for attempts to score, the Castrol EDGE index points to the attacking player but penalizes the goalkeeper conceding the goal. Deductions results for the fouls that arise. Table 1 The Table beside shows the top ten Players of the UEFA EURO 2012 according to the Castrol EDGE index ranking. The ranking scales down the magnitude of prowess the football player ever displayed during the UEFA EURO 2012 event alongside the rest of the players. The ranking also determines a player’s ability to perform in the game of football, and further helps to estimate the market value of a football player during the inter-clubs transfer window. The coach ing staffs around the world easily rely on the Castrol EDGE index to prepare line-ups for various matches ahead of their football teams. Good rankings for a player tend to boost the confidence in the coaching staffs for their players, a fact that can be justified since each player earns a point for every complete action during the football match, which also reflects the player’s ability

Cyber Squatting Essay Example for Free

Cyber Squatting Essay In this paper I suggest tools and ways for internet users to escape from entering into fake WebPages due to spelling errors. Introduction Typo squatting is the purchase of a misspelled version of a popular domain name for the purpose of attracting visitors who make typographical errors when entering web addresses. This practice is a form of cyber squatting. Cybersquatters purchase domain names with the goal of trading on the popularity and fame of a trademark or company and in some cases have even managed to snap up domain names before a parent company has a chance to buy them. In the case of typosquatting, people take advantage of the fact that there are numerous potential misspellings of a domain that can crop up when people are typing in a hurry. If millions of people are visiting a website and even a small fraction make mistakes when they manually enter domain names, a typosquatter can profit. Typosquatters can buy domains with transposed letters, missing letters, or extra letters, like wiesgeek. com, wisgek. com, or wisege4ek. com. There are a number of things that a typosquatter can do with a domain. One option is to simply use the site as a redirect to the original domain, a trick used by some companies that buy some common misspellings of their domain names to cover their bases. Another option is to turn the domain into a link or ad farm, hoping that visitors will click on the contents and generate profits. Some creative typosquatters have used their misspelled domains for the purpose of political commentary or satire directed at the owner of the properly spelled domain. A more problematic practice occurs when typosquatters attempt to fool visitors. The typosquatting site may be designed to look a lot like the site the user intended to reach, tricking the user into thinking that he or she has landed in the right spot. Users might turn over confidential information, expose themselves to malware, or otherwise endanger themselves. Some typosquatters have targeted children with their websites by purchasing variations on domains commonly used by children, a practice that concerns law enforcement. Under the law, typosquatting is not necessarily illegal, although it can potentially be prosecuted under the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act of 1999 in the United States. If a typosquatter is clearly using a domain name for fraudulent or misleading purposes, the site can be viewed as a violation of the law. However, sites that simply take advantage of a misspelling to send a political message or even to serve ads are not necessarily illegal. While some companies are aggressive about typosquatting, the myriad possible variations on a domain name means that typosquatters can give up the site in question and move on to another typo. Domain Squatting Internet domains are registered, rather than bought and sold, and they are available on a first-come, first-served basis. These ground rules lay the foundation for the practice of domain squatting, also known as cybersquatting. A domain squatter registers a site not for his or her own use but with the idea that it can be sold at a profit. Cybersquatters acquire names in several ways. They may pick up domain names that become available after a bankruptcy or when a renewal registration fee isn’t paid. They may also follow people’s checks on domain name availability and purposefully register the name if there is a pause while the person makes a decision. The goal of domain squatting is to make money.

Internal Traceability And External Traceability

Internal Traceability And External Traceability Traceability itself does not make food safe. However it is a risk management tool whenever a food safety problem is concerned. Past experiences have shown that the operation of food or feed market can be jeopardized when it is impossible to trace food or feed. Seafood is a highly perishable food item, increasingly globally traded and many particular conditions have to be taken into account (Schrà ¶der, U. 2008). Therefore a comprehensive system of traceability is targeted to avoid unnecessary wider disruption in food business. According to ISO 8402:1994, traceability is defines as the ability to trace the history, application or location of an entity by means of recoded identification. Starting from 2002, all fishery products in European Union must be labeled with commercial designation of the species, the production method and the catch area or production location according to traceability Requirements for Fish (Regulation EC/2065/2001). E.U. General Food Law Regulation 178/2002 (Article 3) mentioned that traceability means the ability trace and follow a food, feed, food producing animal or substance intended to be, or expected to be incorporated into a food or feed through all stages of production, processing and distribution. Traceability is mentioned in the Food Hygiene Regulation 2009 (Regulation 10) that it should be identified as one step back from where the food came and one step forward where the food went at any specified stage in the food chain 80.5% of fishery production in Malaysia is captured whereas 94.4% of seafood in European Union is capture fisheries. Marine fish landing in Malaysia has been quit consistent around 1300 tonnes per annum (Buku Perangkaan Perikanan Tahunan, 2009; Fisheries statistic, 2011). However, there is a trend of dropping in the capture of fishery products in the European Union from 7253 tonnes in 1998 to 5148 in 2008. Hence, European Union tends to import more fish and has stringent rules and regulations on the import of seafood products. Traceability procedure may seem to be lengthy but its importance and benefits outweigh its all. The main purpose of traceability is to improve safety and quality control and this could boost import potential, market access and lead to better business management and efficiency. In food safety issue, it not only safeguards against bioterrorism, but also enables immediate recall and withdrawal when a risk or hazard is identified. Besides that, it also provides a channel for transparent and fair trading between operators. Accurate information is provided to the public so that consumers will not be misled by inaccurate label and make informed purchasing decisions. Traceability records help control authorities to perform better risk assessment (Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002 (Article 18)). Traceability also helps to increase ones market share or product value. Its importance in the implication of sustainable fishing may be unseen by the society. With traceability record, seafood business ope rators cannot make false claims and we can get rid of the false perception of plentiful seafood supply in the marine ecosystem. 2.0 Internal Traceability and External Traceability Generally, traceability can be divided into two types, which is the internal traceability and external or chain traceability. Internal traceability is the recordkeeping of a product within a particular operation, company or production facility. It relates the data about raw materials and processes to the final product before it is delivered. Many seafood processing companies have effective internal traceability systems as part of their HACCP based quality assurance systems. Internal traceability is aimed at productivity improvement and cost reduction within a production unit such as fish plant. This type of record keeping is already required throughout the seafood industry as it is essential for keeping track of inventory, purchasing and other in house accounting. External traceability refers to traceability the product outside of a business entity, in the entire supply chain. It is between companies and countries and depends on the presence of internal traceability of each entity. Therefore it is a challenge that requires the cooperation of all operators in the supply chain from farm to table. For instances, external traceability allows the tracking of a product and attributes of that product through the successive stages of the distribution chain such as from boat or fish farm to table. One step back and one step forward approach is the simplest model of external traceability. It comprises the capability to track the movement of the product forward through the supply chain to understand where it has gone, what it has gone into and what it has come into contact with. Besides, it enables to trace a product back to understand the custody chain of product, components and ingredients. Under this system, each partner in the supply chain is respons ible to record input and output data but not for information which may be several steps ahead or behind in the supply chain (Can-Trace, 2007). Tracing upstream means looking back along the supply chain towards the harvester or producer steps. Downstream looks forward towards distribution and consumption. External traceability makes use of a set of tools that aids in traceability such as identifiers, carriers (Bar code and RFIDs) and readers. As seafood supply chains become longer and convulated, there is raising demand for external traceability data by both regulators and consumers. Both internal and external traceability system had been used in European Union (EU) and Malaysia. They are used to achieve different purposes or objectives such as for food safety regulatory requirements or to ensure quality and other contractual requirements. Besides a well-developed technological infrastructure, the speed of trace-back and trace-forward (traceability) is influenced by well-functioning and well-organized competent authorities (CAs). Legistlation and the accuracy, efficiency of data exchanges and controls are vital to the functioning of the CAs. The Malaysia food safety system is characterized by its complexity and diversity with different authority entrusted with the task of ensuring food safety at different stages of the food chain such as Ministry Of Health (MOH), Department Of Fisheries (DOF) and Fishery Development Authority Of Malaysia (LKIM). C:[emailprotected] traceability systemexternal and internal.jpg Figure 1: External versus internal traceability. (Source: Petersen and Green, 2007) 3.0 Fishing Scenario in Malaysia: What Causes Malaysia to Change? The introduction of import conditions for seafood and other fishery products by European Union (EU) in year 2002 had been a wakeup call for the Malaysian authorities. In year 2005, the Directorate General of health and Consumers (D.G. Sanco) visited Malaysia after the harmonization of the EU members import condition. Among the main problems identified were (Shahridan and Nagalingam, 2011): No specific legislation was in place to ensure that fishing vessels and landings sites are in line with EU standards, No generic approval of a farm for export, those who wish to export must register with the Animal Health Quarantine Centre of the Department of Fisheries, Laboratories involved in testing were not adequately equipped and staff were not knowledgeable enough, The HACCP programme was not a prerequisite for an establishment to be proposed for the EU export list, and There was a need to implement minimum hygiene standards in processing plants, fishing vessels and landing sites. After the findings, recommendations were made to improve the situation by the next visit in 2008. In year 2008, D.G Sanco found that most of issues from the previous visit have not been addressed and concluded that all official controls put in place by the Malaysian competent authority were not equivalent to the EU requirements for import of live fish and finished products. Therefore, EU contemplated to impose a ban, which would then be gazette into a law which would be harder to reverse. This lead the Malaysian competent authority to immediately impose an unilateral export ban to the EU (Shahridan and Nagalingam, 2011). The impact of unilateral EU export ban caused huge lost to the seafood and fishery products industries and the government. Forty-five processing establishments and one freezer vessel lost their licenses or EU numbers to export to the EU immediately. Processing plants that had their shipment ready for EU and also in process had to appeal for a gestation period to fulfill those orders. The ready stock for the upcoming EU festive seasons had to be reprocessed and repacked for other countries. Half of the processing plants in the country shut down and many lost their jobs overnight (Shahridan and Nagalingam, 2011). Several improvements were implemented to meet the EU requirements. New regulations were enacted (Table 1) and the official controls put in place by the Malaysian competent authorities were reorganized (Figure 2). Details regarding traceability were discussed in detailed in the next subtopic. Table 1: New regulations enacted to improve the food safety regulations. Regulation Content Food Hygiene Regulation 2009 Health certificates need to be issued for all relevant parties involved in finished product heading for the EU. Fisheries Regulations 2009 Fishing vessels and aquaculture farms have to get quality control certification for seafood that would be processed into finished product for the EU. Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia Regulations 2010 Hygiene and recognition of fish landing sites approved for raw material heading to the EU. MOH DOF LKIM Central competent authority Directly responsible for public health in this matter. Controls of potable water supply Competent authority directly responsible for animal health matters in this area. Competent authority for issuing the license that allows a company to carry out the activity of import/export of live fish or final product (fishing vessels). MOH DOF LKIM Middlemen/ Transporters Processing plants Sources of imported raw material Water and ice sources Aquaculture farms Fishing vessels Landing sites MOH: Ministry of Health DOF: Department Of Fisheries LKIM: Fishery Development Authority Of Malaysia Figure 2: Reorganization and detailed description of competent authorities framework. (Source: Shahridan and Nagalingam, 2011) Improvements 4.0 Chain Traceability The ability to connect incoming and outgoing goods or one-step backward and one-step forward is a prerequisite for chain traceability to show the relationship between business partners. This requires that the business partners are known to each other and able to cooperate to successfully create traceability graph. This graph is a representation of elements and relationships consisting of knowledge about a traceable unit represented as a directed graph of trace events and relationships to resources, actors and other traceable units (Tracefish, 2009). Before establishing chain traceability, one must decide on what system, method and tracing tool to be used to identify, mark and label his products. It is also necessary to be able to define business partners that are involved in the traceability. The partners should be divided into the following categories which are: suppliers (producers of raw materials, ingredients, finished products and packaging), customers (retailers) and transporters. Types of traceability system and the food supply chain will be further discussed below. 4.1 Paper-based and electronic systems Identification, marking and labelling Paper based system and electronic system are examples of traceability system used throughout the food supply chain. The purpose of both systems is to provide information, recording and linking of the particular food from farm to fork. Most traceability system adopted by companies utilizes the mixture of paper and electronic systems. The key factor in determining the type of traceability system depends on the size of the company. In both European Union (EU) and Malaysian perspectives, there is no definite and singular system to be employed throughout the food supply chain. In EU General Food Law, Article 18 states that the system must simply guarantee a link supplier-product and a link customer-product which allows providing the essential information to the competent authorities upon their request. The same goes for the Malaysia, whereby Regulation 10 in Food Hygiene Regulation 2009 states that a food traceability system shall be provided to be able to identify one step back and one step forward at any specified stage from production to distribution. Although there are differences in approaching traceability and major structural differences between the chains for different types of fish, products and varies among countries, there is also a degree of commonality in information requirements by the respective law and regulations. These information requirements can be categorized as (Tracefish, 2009): Each food business has to collect and record information and make it available to the competent authorities upon request and to other food business operators for the purpose of product withdrawal or recall. Information on the nature of the food and the operations involved is required for particular purposes and must be available to the appropriate authorities. Commercially desirable information on the nature of the food and the operations can be requested by food business for reasons such as, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), ethical, environmental, quality assurance records, raw material or product standards and specifications. Paper traceability system is widespread and is the oldest system used throughout the supply chain. Most companies in both EU and Malaysian, who are making small profit and producing limited quantity of products, utilise this system as it is cheap and changes can be easily made. However, its disadvantages are manually intensive, reliant on correct procedural operations, trace-back of information is time consuming and difficult and records are not easily reviewed. A paper traceability system also requires a lot of storage space. Electronic traceability consists of bar code systems and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems. Bar code systems are widely used and are well established in the food industry in both EU and Malaysia. It is inexpensive to implement and use. EAN.UCC system (European Article Number and Uniform Code Council) are the most widely used across EU. The more recent RFID technology uses tags that send identification codes electronically to a receiver when passing through a reading area. RFID identifiers consist of a surface/chip, which can be attached onto or implanted into any surface to provide encoded information of identity. One of the major advantage of RFID is that it is able to scan the whole pallet in seconds while passing through a reader area as many tags can be read simultaneously even when not in-line of sight which is the disadvantage of bar codes. However, RFID is less widely used technology in EU when compared to bar code technology as it is expensive. Thus far, the usage of RFID technology in Malaysia has not been introduced in tracking seafood product. However, RFID technology had been introduced in government-run livestock tracking programme which is funded by the veterinary Department of Malaysias Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based industries to control disease outbreaks among livestock (RFIDNews, 2009). One major advantage of electronic traceability systems is their ability to handle large amounts of information in a precise manner. Records and reports regarding traceability can be retraced in a short amount of time. Figure 2: Example of bar code (left) and RFID tag (right). In EU, all establishments handling food of animal origin must be approved by the national authority. Establishments here included abattoirs/slaughterhouses, cutting plants, processors etc. All foods produced by the approved establishments must carry an EU identification mark, indicating the approval number. Under Regulation EC 1907/90, identification marks are required for all other products of animal origin except for eggs. This legislation came into force in January 1, 2006 to ensure traceability for products of animal origin. The mark must be in oval shape, legible, indelible and clearly visible for inspection. The first part of the approval number is a two-letter national code (UK for United Kingdom), indicating the country in which the food was produced, followed by a site-specific approval number and ending with the abbreviation (EC) for European Commission (Reily, 2009). This kind of regulation however is not implemented in Malaysia. C:[emailprotected] traceability systemEUeuidentificationmark.jpg Figure 3: EU identification mark comprising country code (UK), establishment code (AZ020), European Commission indication (EC). 4.2 Traceability in fish catching In both EU and in Malaysia, information on vessel name, fishing trip number, time of catch, quantity in haul, batch size, landing area and fishing area are required to be recorded. The method of record keeping could be paper or electronic, depending on individual company. The only difference between EU and Malaysia is that the existence of a central database system for foods in EU (TraceFood) for tracking the movement of products. This allows information to be recorded and registered in each link. In Malaysia, information is managed manually; each organization has their own way of keeping and transferring information. In EU nations, fish are sorted on board according to species and iced in boxes. Each box is labeled with information on fish species, catch, date, vessel name or number and a unique box number, readable as ordinary numbers and in the form of a bar code. The information is registered in a computer onboard the vessel and the data are transmitted via a mobile phone to a computer at the next step in the chain, the collector. This enables the collector to receive all information from the vessel before it enters the harbor. At the collector, each specied of fish is sorted according to size, keeping the fish from each catch date separated to enable fish to be traced according to the same vessel with the same catch date. At the collectors stage, information about the collector name, fish size/weight and a new box number registered at the computer adding this new information to the database (Frederiksen and Gram, 2004). This kind of technology is not implemented in Malaysia due to its high im plementation cost and training cost to the fishermen. Nevertheless, ongoing effort is being conducted by the Malaysian authorities to improve the traceability in both fish catching and aquaculture farms. The introduction of import conditions for seafood and other fishery products by EU in year 2002 was a wakeup call to Malaysian authorities. To enforce traceability in fish catching, all fishermen need to get comply regulations in Fisheries Act 1985 :(i) Fishing license (ii) Fishing vessel permit/license (iii) Permanent marking of ID on fishing vessel. In aquaculture farms, Malaysian Aquaculture Farm Certification Scheme (SPLAM) was introduced which incorporated traceability principles. SPLAM is managed by Department Of Fisheries (DOF) which emphasizes in the implementation of HACCP at source. It is a voluntary scheme to encourage Good Aquaculture Practice to ensure the safety, quality, consistency and competitiveness of the products based on criteria, guidelines and standards determined by DOF. Aquaculture entrepreneurs have to fulfil c ertain requirements and criteria set by the DOF Malaysia, make an application, undergo a review audit and final approval before their farm can be awarded the certificate and logo (Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2011). 4.3 Traceability in fish processing plant The information generated from the stage of fish being catches on vessel until reaches the end consumer are transmitted from one link to the next unit. In fish processing plant, the raw material received to be processed from its own fishing vessels. The information that may obtain from catching and from production stage are shown in the Table 2. The freshness of fish and fishery products are important along the processing as these products are perishable commodity. It needs to be evaluated frequently. There are several evaluation methods could be chosen from, which included microbiological methods, biochemical and chemical methods, physical methods as well as sensory methods. Table 2: Information registered or generated in fish processing stage. Information from catching Information from production Vessel name Fishing trip number Fishing area Fish species Units per catching day Condition of fish Weight of fish Ratio of ice to fish Other parameters Name of product Origin of raw material Plant number Authorisation number (especially for EU perspective) Product number or code Production date or lot number Best before date Product weight Temperature Quality and processing parameters Sensory evaluation results Microbiological results In Europe, since the European Union (EU) Regulation 178/2002 requires mandatory traceability for all food and feed products in EU countries, there is a comprehensive and complete traceability system implemented in the region. In the fish processing plant, several batches of raw materials may be processed into different finished product in one day. Different batches of raw materials came from different vessels, and graded mechanically. The graded raw materials will be distributed into different containers or tanks according to size. Each container labelled with a grade ID. These graded fishes are ready to be processed, which is also known as in-feed batches. The in-feed batch ID carries the information which able to be tracked back from final product. The information are carried between links of batch number, grade ID and in-feed batch ID, or even final products. The processing manufacturers must also able to identify whom they provide their products to. For Malaysia perspective, the traceability in fish processing plant is adopted from ISO 22005, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP). ISO 22005 described a traceability system is influenced by regulations, product characteristics and customer expectations within a feed and food chain. The manufacture company should identify the product or ingredients used, the raw materials suppliers and finished products customers, flows of materials, manufacturing process history and other related information. These information shall be recorded as documentation for traceability data. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is aimed to determine whether there is any food safety hazards that are likely to occur on the fish and fishery product processed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical and physical hazards from the raw material, to processing, distribution and consumption of the finished product. At the same time, the hazard analysis is to identify possible preventive steps that may be applied to control those hazards. The general records that required to make included name and location of the processor or importer, date and time of the activity that record reflects, signature or initials of the person performing the operation and identity of the product and its production code. These records should be done at the time that it is observed. All records as well as all plans and procedures required should be available for official review and copying at reasonable time periods, usually 1 year from the processing date for refrigerated p roducts and 2 years for frozen, preserved or shelf-stable products. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certification scheme aimed to assist manufactures of food products and food related products to provide assurance to consumers that the products are manufactured in a hygienic manner and the best practices in manufacturing accordingly. GMP is one of the pre-requisite programmes (PRP) required to established prior implementation of HACCP. Records are made along the manufacture process show all the steps required by the defined procedures and instructions were taken to achieve the expected quantity and quality. The documentation may divide into quality manual, operating procedures and support documentation. Support documentation will be the significant element for traceability system. It records how the manufacture company carries out and details of their processing process on materials, procedures, operations and finished products. These records may enable the complete manufacture process of a batch to be traced are retained in a comprehensible and ac cessible form. Meanwhile, Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP) emphasize on the sanitation aspect for a fictional seafood company processing a cooked ready-to-eat seafood product. There are several steps in this operating procedure and several records had been made accordingly. Daily Sanitation Control Record is the main document that used in seafood processing monitoring, such as in safety of processing water and ice, condition and cleanliness of food contact surfaces (included utensils, gloves and outer garments), prevention of cross-contamination, protection of food, food-packaging material and food-contact surfaces from adulteration, labelling, storage, employees health and hygiene, toilet facilities as well as pest control. Other documents are included municipal water bill and periodic sanitation record, building plumbing inspection report and periodic sanitation control record. These records will be reviewed and kept on file for two years. 4.4 Traceability during Fish and Seafood Products Transportation and Storage In EU perspective, information needed to be kept during fish transportation and storage includes the name and address of supplier, quantity, batch number and the nature of the supplied fish and seafood products. Other information such as areas and dates of harvesting, location and the date of processing and packaging are also necessary. A more detailed description of the products is recommended such as pre-packed or bulk products, processed or raw fish and seafood products. The conditions of the transportation means should be recorded specifically. This includes the temperature, humidity and the atmosphere of the transport vehicles, length and conditions of handling and also the duration of transportation and storage. The location where the products are stored and the date by which the products should be used are needed to be recorded. Meanwhile, the name and address of the customer (wholesaler or retailer), quantity, batch number and the nature of the fish and seafood products that were delivered to the customer and the date of transaction or delivery should also be recorded. Whereas in Malaysia, basic information such as the name and address of the supplier, quantity and batch number are recorded. Registration and validation of the cold chain maintenance is required. Record keeping of the temperature and time control, GMP records such as the personnel and sanitation is also required. In general, the information recorded in the transportation in Malaysia is similar to the information recorded in EU. 4.5 Traceability in Retailer The record keeping of retailer in EU and Malaysia shares the commonality. The retailer should have the record on the information of the producers name, product name and quantity, pallet number, carriers name, shipment number and also wholesalers name and address. RFID system and bar code can be used upon the arrival of the products and these systems aid in the traceability of the food products. Besides, the temperature and hygiene of storage conditions of the products upon receiving; date and places of arrival should also be recorded. Types of boxes or container used and the weight of the fish and seafood products should also be recorded. In addition, the retailer should have the record on the origin of the products. In general, the commercial documents for these highly perishable products are usually kept for the period of 6 months after the manufactured date or delivery. The legislation of handling and processing of fish and fish products for export to EU are controlled by the Fisheries (Quality Control of Fish for Export to the European Union) Regulations 2009 under Fisheries Act 1985 together Food Export (Issuance of Health Certificate for Export of Fish and Fish Products to the European Union) Regulations 2009 and Food Hygiene Regulations 2009. 4.6 Information available to customers It is important that there is information available about the seafood products sell in the market for consumers. This is to enhance consumer confidence and by confirming the foods that they consume are safe as well as free from any contamination or diseases. Besides, it is also to strengthen the food safety by increase the effectiveness of product recall during the emergency case such as food poisoning. Information on traceability system enables consumers to avoid specific seafood easily due to the allergenicity, food intolerance or even lifestyle choice (ICTSD. 2006). For consumers, traceability system provides a more controllable condition in food chain which meant to deliver a safer and higher quality of food. Thus, traceability system may be an effective system that provides information about the whole process of product, from the production to the distribution among consumers by providing the consumers information of the origin for that particular product and give consumers a gr eater choice in deciding whether to buy or not. Basic information such as species of seafood product, origin of product and suppliers is needed on the package of products as well as Halal certification/ authentication especially in country like Malaysia. With this information, consumers will feel safer in that they will be able to see the detailed information about the origin country and also the farm of the seafood products. Due to the undeveloped and inappropriate management of traceability system, Malaysia is still practicing conventional and manual record keeping. Thus, more detailed information about the product is not available to customers in the market. In developed countries like EU, there are tools to identify the trade and logistics items such as EAN.UCC system. Every item will be given one unique number, and the number will give identity to the products and consists of information concerning the products. Besides, it is capable in providing the locations where the products are assigned and ensure the efficient flow of products. Through the system, information related to the products can be passed from one stage to another until to the end, which is to the consumers. The information available to consumers are such as fish species (Trade/ Latin name), catching area, catching date, production me

Eagles band

Eagles band Eagles Band The Eagles band had many members over the years. They created many different albums over a period of time. The Eagles became more and more famous, as time went by. They traveled the world, and told storys through their song writings. The Eagles formed in 1971, Los Angeles, CA. The group started with Bernie Leadon, Randy Meisner, Glenn Frey, and Don Henley. Then around 1974 Don Felder, who was called in to do guitar work, was added to the group. In 1975 Bernie was replaced by Joe Walsh, and in 1977 Randy was replaced by Timothy B. Schmit. The group went on with Henley, Frey, Schmit, Walsh, and Felder. With the first four members the group is signed by Asylum Records. The Eagles travel to London where their debut album is released in 1972 titled Eagles. The group made it very clear they were Eagles not The Eagles. The first single Take It Easy led them to earned instant world wide recognition. The Eagles tour until the end of the year where another song toped the charts at number nine called Witchy Woman. In 1973 the group decides to do a follow up album in London. After long hours and hard work half way done with the album, they decide they want a different sound, more rock like you could say. So they packed up and moved everything to California where they worked with producer Bill Szymczky. There they created Desperado. This just lets everyone know just how talented and great storytellers they are. In 1974 their next album On The Border is released. This is when Felder was brought in to some work, and after the release he was made part of the band. Their single Best Of My Love was number one on the adult contemporary charts. This made it possiable for the Eagles to get their first gold single record as well multiple Grammy nominations. In 1975 the Eagles are ready once again to release their fourth album which is One of These Nights. The song titled One of These Nights, which is a rhythm and blues song, is released early makes the album gold certified after only being out for one week. At the end of this year Bernie decides to leave the group. He is then replaced by Joe Walsh. Now in 1976, Eagles are becoming more and more famous. Asylum decides its time to take all of their greatest hits from 1971 and 1975 and put them on one album. This sells over a million copies. This earns them the first RIAA platinum award in that category. Out of all the albums upon release this is the third in history to sell at the million unit mark. The same year the band wins their first Grammy for the single Lyin Eyes.As 1976 comes to an end the group releases their next album Hotel California, receiving the most outstanding commercial and critical success and reaching number one on the Billboard Charts and goes gold. At this point, Hotel California sells nine million copies, which surpasses the seven million units of Eagles: Their Greatest Hits 1971-1975. The following year is spent touring the US, Canada, England, Scandinavia, Scotland, and Europe. In August at the end of this year Randy Meisner decides to leave the band. He is then replaced by Timothy B. Schmit. The Eagles just keep going and going. By 1978 which is a very successful year for the band. For they receive two Grammy awards one for best vocal arrangement for New Kid In Town and record of the year for Hotel California. Which just happens to be one of my favorite songs. At this time the group spends the year recording The Long Run. When they had breaks for this album, the Eagles release Please Come Home for Christmas and Funky New Year. The single became the first Christmas record to break into the top twenty on national music charts in over twenty years. Around 1980 the band was falling apart; however, they went ahead and kept their promises of a Japanese tour with a stop in Hawaii. then they release The Long Run and it reaches number one on the Billboard Charts. Before the official announcements are made about the band they release the 1981 album Eagles Live. This album reaches number six on the charts. Even with all the success, the Eagles decide to go their own separate ways. The Eagles returned after fourteen years for a MTV special. This 1994 live recording titled Hell Freezes Over became number one on the Billboard Charts. It went on to sell over fifteen million copies. During the next two years the band goes on tour, proving to be the most successful tours in music history. In 1998, the Eagles were placed into the Rock N Roll Hall of Fame. In 1999 as the new millennium was arriving , the Eagles decided to play a New Years Eve show. They open the new Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. Now its the year 2000 the Eagles release a four CD box set with Selected Works from 1972-1999 which includes highlights from that New Years Eve show as well as hit songs throughout the bands career. Talk about a come back! In 2001 the band decides to fire Don Felder. Apparently he started fights with in the group. So now we are down to just four members. During interviews, the group reports that it is more peaceful with Felder gone. The band now consisting of Don Henley, Glenn Frey, Joe Walsh, and Timothy B. Schmit, went on to tour Europe in the summer of 2001. The Eagles, have entertained fans all around the world for three decades and there not done yet, in 2007 they released a double album long Road out of Eden. Then they of course went on to do a world tour which was a guaranteed sold out event. As you can tell by now the Eagles have had a variety of members. They were known for there very talent story telling through their songs. They were very Famous and put together many albums for us to enjoy. I wonder what the Eagles will have in store for us next.

The Good Earth And The Issue Of Respect :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issue of respect in The Good Earth is very different from what we consider normal today. People who do nothing to contribute to society get respect and those who would be undoubtedly respected today are ignored because of the traditions of Chinese filial piety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Good Earth we can see many instances where respectable people are seen as nothing and awful people are praised. O-Lan is a good example of someone who is not seen as important but is crucial to Wang Lung's rise to wealth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Wang Lung marries O-Lan she achieves a respectable position as the mother of three sons. But as time goes on, Wang Lung becomes rich and he loses his attraction for her and cruelly criticizes her appearance. He becomes obsessed with a prostitute named Lotus and then he buys her to be his concubine, completely forgetting all that O-Lan has done for him. When O-Lan falls seriously ill, Wang Lung deeply regrets his cruelty and sits by her bedside until she dies. Only when she dies does Wang Lung truly appreciate everything that O-Lan did for him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wang Lung’s uncle is just the opposite. Wang Lung doesn’t really respect him, but he must act like he does because he is a relative from the older generation. Wang Lung must show him respect and give him support in difficult times, despite his contemptible nature. After the uncle moves his lazy family into Wang Lung’s house, Wang Lung gets to a point where filial piety isn’t even enough to make him bear his uncle’s freeloading. He demands that his uncle and his family leave his home. This is when his uncle reveals that he is a member of a band of robbers, so Wang Lung cannot make his uncle leave without fear of the robbers. His uncle is the one keeping the home safe from looters. The Good Earth And The Issue Of Respect :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issue of respect in The Good Earth is very different from what we consider normal today. People who do nothing to contribute to society get respect and those who would be undoubtedly respected today are ignored because of the traditions of Chinese filial piety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Good Earth we can see many instances where respectable people are seen as nothing and awful people are praised. O-Lan is a good example of someone who is not seen as important but is crucial to Wang Lung's rise to wealth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Wang Lung marries O-Lan she achieves a respectable position as the mother of three sons. But as time goes on, Wang Lung becomes rich and he loses his attraction for her and cruelly criticizes her appearance. He becomes obsessed with a prostitute named Lotus and then he buys her to be his concubine, completely forgetting all that O-Lan has done for him. When O-Lan falls seriously ill, Wang Lung deeply regrets his cruelty and sits by her bedside until she dies. Only when she dies does Wang Lung truly appreciate everything that O-Lan did for him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wang Lung’s uncle is just the opposite. Wang Lung doesn’t really respect him, but he must act like he does because he is a relative from the older generation. Wang Lung must show him respect and give him support in difficult times, despite his contemptible nature. After the uncle moves his lazy family into Wang Lung’s house, Wang Lung gets to a point where filial piety isn’t even enough to make him bear his uncle’s freeloading. He demands that his uncle and his family leave his home. This is when his uncle reveals that he is a member of a band of robbers, so Wang Lung cannot make his uncle leave without fear of the robbers. His uncle is the one keeping the home safe from looters.

A Thematic Unity for Heideggers Was Heisst Denken? :: Heidegger Was Heisst Denken Essays

A Thematic Unity for Heidegger's Was Heisst Denken? ABSTRACT: This essay is primarily an analysis of Heidegger's Was Heisst Denken? I aim to provide a thematic unity for this enigmatic text, thereby rendering Heidegger's thoughts on thinking more available to those investigating the nature of human rationality and thinking. The procedure is to gather together some of the sundry themes and puzzling features resolved by unpacking this sentence: 'Most thought-provoking in our thought-provoking time is that we are still not thinking.' The chief results of this study include the establishment of a global logic to the text, the identification of 'being-thoughtful' as the proper phenomenon to be studied, and receptivity ('listening for what calls for thinking') as the distinguishing mark of the thoughtful. Perhaps it is a sign of the times that precisely this work, of all my publications, is the least read. (1) This remark by Martin Heidegger about Was Heisst Denken? is puzzling given that in the same interview he suggests that the most important issue facing us is the confrontation with what thinking is. If Heidegger is correct, then why does Was Heisst Denken? not rank among the most read of his works? Is it because we are unaware of the importance of encountering thinking? Because we believe already to understand thinking (e.g., thinking is "having thoughts")? (2) Either of these proposed explanations, it should be noted, would not startle Heidegger; he anticipated them in Was Heisst Denken? An explanation that he does not consider, however, is that Was Heisst Denken? is itself puzzling and stands in some need of critical clarification. In this essay I present an analysis of Heidegger's Was Heisst Denken? The aim is to provide a thematic unity for this enigmatic text, and thereby to render Heidegger's thoughts on thinking more available to those investigating the nature of human rationality and thinking. I proceed by enumerating some of the puzzling features of the text, and included among them are the ambiguity intentionally built into the German title and the odd fact that Nietzsche and Parmenides take center stage in a series of lectures--which collected form the text--on thinking. The main thesis of my analysis is that one particularly promising way of showing how the twenty-one lectures hang together is by unpacking this sentence: Most thought-provoking in our thought-provoking time is that we are still not thinking. (3) This essay, then, is literally an analysis,

Human Sex Trafficking Essay

Close to 800,000 people globally are forcefully moved across their countries’ borders and sold off to be exploited for various purposes. Most of these are teenage boys and girls including small children as young as 7. Human sex trafficking has been recognized as one of the major catastrophes facing mankind and a great threat to the freedoms of millions worldwide. Though immense steps have been taken by the international community, it is yet to be put to rest. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has defined human trafficking as including the forceful transportation and harboring of individuals by use of threat or financial payments with an intention of exploiting such individuals. Exploitation in this sense includes â€Å"at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation. † (Cited in Sheldon, 2007, 107). Human sex trafficking includes the forceful initiation of people into prostitution or sex slavery. Children are forcefully recruited into prostitution or driven into early marriages. Human sex trafficking is believed to be a multibillion industry although its expansiveness cannot be fully grasped due to the lack of a clear methodology. Though the reigning perception is that it is a trade that mostly affects the developing countries only, this is untrue. According to the existing accounts, almost each and every country has its own elaborate but intricate system of human sex trafficking. Influx, most of the times, is from the poor countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa then to the developed nations such as the United States. Indeed, according to the U. S. State Department, there are â€Å"approximately 14,000 to 17,000 people trafficked into the united states annually. † (Amy & Stephanie, 2008, 532) In light of these worrisome trends and much pressure from human rights activists, international organizations as well as governments have all stepped up efforts to curb the menace. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has led the path in this war and a number of high flanking countries have joined these efforts. The United States, due to immense pressure form human rights activists and non-governmental organization, responded swiftly and at the close of the century began pushing other nations to adopt anti- human trafficking laws and policies. The passage of the Victims Protection Act of 2000 led to the establishment of a three tier system that ranks countries in regard to the perceived rates of human trafficking. International organizations such as Office of the Special Representative for Combating the Traffic of Human Beings has been hailed for the major steps it has taken in combating human trafficking in Europe. Indeed, in addition to the United States, EU has also spearheaded campaigns aimed at eradicating human trafficking both in its territory and overseas. In 2002, for example, EU reached an agreement to harmonize the â€Å"policies of the member states in areas such as criminalization, penalties, sanctions, aggravating circumstances, jurisdictions, and extradition. † (Kimberley, 2007, 46). These nations as well as other international organization have vowed to work together with the source countries to help them establish prudent mechanisms of curbing human trafficking. Indeed the issue of human sex trafficking continue to plague the world and mechanisms are still being put into place to alleviate the situation. It is a problem that threatens freedoms of millions worldwide be it in the developed countries which are the destination of the victims or the poverty stricken countries where women and children are sourced from. It is hence a problem that requires a multifaceted approach that has to incorporate all the regions if the situation is to be effectively curbed.

Path †Goal Theory and the Jeanne Lewis Case Essay

In the Path-Goal surmisal of attractionship, the leader is effective when their personal manner has an impact on motivation. Follower enjoyment and performance abide be improve by offering rewards for goals, clarifying the mode to goal achievement, and removing impediments to task execution. Path-Goal Theory is link to the Expectancy model, which concludes that tribe argon do if they see their efforts contri entirelying to a desire goal. The expression of the follower and the leader are linked, so the correct application of the Path-Goal Theory let ins recognizing the situation of the follower and adopting a comparable leader behavior.Jeanne Lewis held several distinct roles during her betrothal at Staples, Inc. (Suesse, 2000). There are iv leader behaviors in the Path-Goal model, each of which was employ by Lewis at different generation and in different situations. The pursuit examples include a discussion of Lewis behavior, how her behavior relates to the Path-G oal model, employees reception to Lewis behavior, and how the employees behavior relates to the Path-Goal Theory. doing lead In 1994 Lewis was promoted to New England Director of Operations, inheriting an musical arrangement lacking in strong leadership, but with knowledgeable employees.Lewis replaced some employees, set strong-growing performance goals and challenged employees. These actions are indicative of the Achievement leadership style, wherein the leader is both demanding and supportive, sets thought-provoking goals, seeks continuous improvement, expects exalted performance, and encourages workers to assume more(prenominal) responsibility (Woolard, 2009). Lewis employees responded with attachd motivation debut new training programs and setting high goals for themselves.This behavior is representative of the Path-Goal theory wherein following adopt high goals leading to improve satisfaction and performance (Hersey, 2008, p. 00). The Achievement loss leadership st yle is used when there is a lack of job challenge in the follower. Directive Leadership Lewis was then travel to Merchandising, an new(prenominal) area in which she had no identify work experience. With no clip for her reports to teach her the ins and outs of merchandising, Lewis adopted the style of a Directive Leader and told her provide to devise it and fix it fast. The Directive Leader tells what is expected, how and when to do it and communicates how the task fits in with new(prenominal) tasks in the organization. The response from her employees to this style was favorable.They grow their thinking beyond just the equal of the product and the selling price, developing strategical thinking which resulted in a multiply of the direct product positivity. Lewis boss, Richard Gentry, remarked, Jeanne demonstrated that you can be a good merchant but you can also be strategic and think outside of the four walls (Suisse, 2000, p. 5). The impact to the follower of the Directive leadership style is clarification of the path to the goal. The employees expand their thinking to encompass the broad go in their path to expected building block performance. certificatory LeadershipWhen Lewis was selected to replace the departing decision maker Vice President of Marketing, Todd Krasnow, she once again had to adapt her leadership style in response to her team. Lewis was placed in manoeuver of retail merchandise and small pipeline to learn the ropes during Krasnows final metre at Staples. The department was comprised of two different assemblages marketing and an in-house denote agency. When she challenged a marketing program with the direct, rough and tumble style she was accustomed to using in her earlier assignments in operations and merchandising, the person presenting the persuasion was devastated.Lewis would have to adopt a Supportive style or would have mass leaving my office in diswholee and end up accomplishing nothing. Lewis do an effort to b e approachable, with an open adit policy. In this situation, where the follower lacks self confidence, a Supportive or Relationship behavior is needed. The Supportive Leader demonstrates concern for the intimately being of chase and is open and approachable. Employees responded favorably to her change in style. Supportive leader behavior has in it the objective to increase confidence in the follower, thereby change magnitude their productivity and performance. Participative LeadershipWhen merger plans with percentage Depot were blocked by the courts, the Staples watchfulness team refocused on growth and profit powerfulness of the Staples stain. In Lewis mind, the marketing department was the brand champion and primeval support for other departments. The department was divided, however, with a marketing and advertising side that did not operate in concert. Lewis remarked, the thought I would go domicil with at night was, if they knew more, then they would do a better job. L ewis began holding staff meetings in an attempt to appoint discipline and decision making and break blast the wall between the departments. I was knocked out(p) that while we had this huge marketing compute that everyone shared, no one knew what the other people were doing (Suesse, 2000, p. 8). A Participative Leader approaches the task in a consulting, group-wise manner. They share work problems and tap suggestions in an effort to include the entire organization in the decision-making process. Lewis expanded meetings with direct reports in an attempt to increase group interaction and encouraged advertising managers to share their work across business unit boundaries.This style changes reward and clarifies the needs of the followers. In Lewis case she was able to get key stakeholders in differing departments to buy in to more strategic thinking. Jeanne Lewis was given ever change magnitude responsibility at Staples due to her ability to adapt her leadership style to fit out the changing needs of her subordinates. By following the Path-Goal Theory, Lewis was able to harness the power of her followers and achieve success for the organization.